Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Subunit Alpha 3 (P4HA3) promotes subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice by upregulating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, and the knockdown of P4HA3 strongly inhibits the proliferation and invasion abilities of CRC cells [71]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.