Studies showed that overexpression of WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP-1) increased LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression and exacerbated renal fibrosis in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model and in TGF-β-treated renal tubular epithelial cells [47]. Here, CCN4 is linked to renal fibrosis.