XBP1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Likewise, recent studies also show that X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) regulates STING signaling and the subsequent NLRP3 activation during liver fibrosis, suggesting that macrophage self-mtDNA cytosolic leakage activates cGAS/STING/NLRP3 pathway providing a novel target against liver fibrosis [80].