C3 and brain injury: However, the abnormal activation and production of complement components such as C3, C3b, iC3b, CR3, C5, C5a, and MAC/C5b-9 can contribute to visceral and CNS tissue damage in several diseases including, but not limited to, allergic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, age-related macular degeneration, systemic lupus erythematosus, traumatic brain injury, stroke, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington disease [214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232].