In conclusion, our study validated the ability of ddPCR assays to detect the very low level of urinary TERT promoter mutations (uTERTpm) and demonstrated promising diagnostic accuracy of the uTERTpm marker for the detection of BC, in particular, primary BC in the Kerman province of Iran where the highest incidence of bladder cancer has been observed in Iran and where opium and tobacco consumption may largely contribute to the BC burden. The gene discussed is TERT; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.