Bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy, is indicated in the treatment of severe morbid obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications, since it is shown to be superior to intensive medical therapy, with long-lasting benefits for weight loss, prevention of metabolic diseases, and improvement of quality of life, attributed to weight reduction, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into the adipose tissue, increased adiponectin levels, and decreased lipolysis and adipocyte cell size [9,13]. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and Obesity.