The persistently high blood glucose levels, the abnormal glucose tolerance test, and the increased HOMA-IR values in the diabetic TGFβ1 TG mice compared to the non-diabetic TGFβ1 TG mice and diabetic WT mice and the inhibitory effect of TGFβ1 on insulin activity in the hepatocyte and myotubes observed in the present study reinforce the role of TGFβ1 in insulin resistance. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.