The authors measured the expression of intracellular markers of normal stem cells that are involved in the proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis, such as Sox2, Musashi, Nanog, and Nestin, as well as the activation of key developmental signaling pathways that are routinely activated in glioblastoma stem cells, such as PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK, JAK/STAT, WNT/β-catenin, NF-κB and MAPK/P38. Here, NFKB1 is linked to glioblastoma.