CCR5 and cancer: CCL5/CCR5 interaction increases tumor dimensions, induces ECM remodeling, increases cellular migration and metastasis formation, supports cellular stemness and expansion along the tumor borders, confers on cancer cell resistance to therapies, decreases DNA damage, deregulates cellular energetics (metabolic reprogramming), promotes angiogenesis, recruits immune and stromal cells and induces the immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages [27].