STAT1 and infection: To further investigate changes of immune-related gene expression at different time points after infection, 9 immune-related genes were examined by using qPCR (Figure 2c–k), including antiviral genes (mx1, ddx58, ifih1, stat1, dhx58, and tlr3), complement component (c3), interleukin (il6), and antibacterial genes (cath1) (qPCR primer sequences are shown in Table S1).