TNF and endometritis: As shown in Figure 2, cow endometritis increased endometrial tissue IL-1β levels by 16.5-fold (i.e., from 2.3 to 33.1 ng/L) (Figure 2A), increased endometrial tissue IL-6 levels by 3-fold (i.e., from 64.7 to 204.9 pg/mL) (Figure 2B), increased endometrial tissue IL-18 levels by 2-fold (i.e., from 14.7 to 30.9 pg/mL) (Figure 2C), and increased endometrial tissue TNF-α levels by 4-fold (i.e., from 25.5 to 107.4 ng/L) (Figure 2D).