Taken together, these findings are consistent with the observation of significantly higher hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) levels in MUC1H ccRCC (p < 0.0001; Figure 4), indicating that MUC1 and HIF-1α transcriptionally activate these metabolic genes. This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.