TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In this study, HF-HF diet feeding caused the formation and progression of obesity-associated NAFLD in mice, such as excessive body weight gain, serious hepatic steatosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as alterations in endotoxemia (endotoxin and LBP), body proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), adipocytokines (adiponectin and leptin), and hepatic proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β).