TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Cytokine dysregulation in SLE is mainly characterized by abnormalities in interleukins (IL-1b, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-15), TNF superfamily members (sCD40L and TNFa), and chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1b/CCL4, MIP-1b/CCL3, MDC/CCL22, and Fractalkine/CX3CL1).