CCL2 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In addition, several chemokines including MCP-1/CCL2 (p = 0.007), MIP-1a/CCL3 (p = 0.007), MIP-1b/CCL4 (p = 0.001), and fractalkine/CX3CL1 (p = 0.0001), were increased in SLE.