Considerable evidence suggests that ITCs could exert their cancer preventive effects by inhibiting the activation or enhancing the detoxification of the potential carcinogens or by acting on later stages of the carcinogenetic process, interfering with various distinct but interconnected signaling pathways involving modulating phase I and phase II enzymes, activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and epigenetic regulation [17,78]. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is cancer.