Furthermore, it has been shown that inflammatory neutrophil-induced serine proteinases (NSPs) such as neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G (CG) and proteinase-3 (PR3) are not necessarily crucial for their antimicrobial activity, but involved in the pathogenesis of neutrophil-dependent inflammation and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly the development of IBD and further progression of CAC [10,11,12,13]. This evidence concerns the gene ELANE and inflammatory bowel disease.