Moreover, 30 nM IGFBP-3 treatment prevented the LPS- and TNF-α-induced transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) loss (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively), suggesting that IGFBP-3 prevents intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is a pivotal characteristics of IBD [40] (Figure 5E). Here, IGFBP3 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.