INS and pneumonia: The patients with pneumonia on admission were more likely to have ischemic heart diseases (p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (p = 0.033), NYHA III, and IV heart failure (p < 0.001), history of ischemic stroke (p = 0.001), chronic renal failure (p < 0.001), impaired insulin tolerance (p = 0.031), diabetes on insulin (p = 0.002), extracardiac arteriopathy (p < 0.001), and atrial fibrillation (p < 0.001), COPD (p < 0.001).