CCL5 and cancer: For example, apart from chemoattraction, chemokines can also affect other cellular processes, such as T-cell differentiation (CCL3/CCR5-Th1 or CCL2/CCR2-Th2) or APC functions (CCL3, 4, 5/CCR5 and CCL2/CCR2-IL-12 production), macrophage polarization (CXCR3-M2) or cancer cell metastasis (CXCL10, CCL5, CCL2) [108,158,159,160,161,162].