C1GALT1C1 and malignant colon neoplasm: Huang et al. found that COSMC expression was upregulated in colorectal cancer, which promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by activating MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, promoted the growth of tumor cells and decreased the survival rate of tumor mice, and knocking down COSMC in SW480 cells could inhibit these malignant phenotypes [46].