In addition, Limana and group have demonstrated that exosomal from pericardial fluid considerably improved myocardial performance following myocardial infarction (MI) and has ascertained that exosomal protein clustering, an important mediator of TGF-β signaling, was plausibly responsible for the underlying cardiac protective effects [49]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to myocardial infarction.