MT-CO3 and diabetic kidney disease: Notably, a recent study of patients with type 2 diabetes revealed a specific serum RNA signature in patients with DKD when compared to patients with diabetes and no DKD, where downregulation of four mitochondrial messenger RNAs (ATP6, ATP8, COX3 and ND1) was found to correlate with serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate [42].