KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In NSCLC, KRAS mediates signaling pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway; RAS-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)-MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-ERK pathway; and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, to control cell proliferation [6].