NRAS and lung carcinoma: To delineate the mutational landscape of lung cancers, these collected NSCLC tumor tissues were subjected to Illumina Miniseq platforms (27-gene panel; mutations that include substitutions, deletions, insertion–deletions (Indels), duplication, amplification and fusion of the following genes: EGFR, TP53, KRAS, SMD4, ALK, PIK3CA, BRAF, STK11, CTNNB1, PTEN, ERBB2, FGFR2, MET, FGFR1, NRAS, ERBB4, FBXW7, FGFR3, NOTCH1, ROS1, RET, NTRK1, MAP2K, DDR2, AKT1, NTRK2 and NTRK3).