However, immunohistochemical analysis for the assessment of EAE hallmarks, including gliosis (Iba1 staining, Figure 5, low panel C, D, J), astrocytosis (GFAP staining, Figure 5, low panel E, F, K), and T cell infiltration (CD3 staining, Figure 5, low panel G, H, L), showed statistically significant increases of these processes in APOBEC-1 KO, compared to wild-type mice. Here, AIF1 is linked to Gliosis.