Our results showed that Tat-hspb1 decreases the cellular viability of RCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 value of Tat-hspb1 for normal human epithelial cells was higher than that of RCC cells, suggesting the possibility of Tat-hspb1 for the treatment of renal cancer. This evidence concerns the gene HSPB1 and renal cell carcinoma.