Finally, the algorithm Ma-bTMB was explored and validated in 71 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving anti-PD-(L)-1 from Zhuo (discovery cohort, n = 31) and Wang (validation cohort, n = 40) cohorts and 851 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving anti-PD-(L)-1 or chemotherapy from POPLAR (discovery cohort, n = 209) and OAK (validation cohort, n = 642) cohorts. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.