TNF and infection: Nonetheless, these results derive from the quantification of the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ, TNFα, or IL-2, after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 peptides, but they do not provide any information about the capacity to generate an effective cytotoxic response against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells that may contribute to clearing the infection.