MTOR and cancer: In another study, Xia et al. [198] reported that dihydromyricetin, a flavonoid compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, inhibits mTOR involved in the regulation of its upstream signaling pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, AMPK, and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1/protein kinase B (PI3K/PDK 1/Akt) pathways, which was induced by autophagy in HepG2 cancer cells.