INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the metagenome functions of the fecal bacteria, the gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism pathways were higher, whereas insulin signaling and adenosine 5′ monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways were lower in the T2DM group than in the healthy group for both enterotypes (p < 0.00005).