INS and Hyperglycemia: Similar results were obtained for GSK3β levels; significantly higher levels were observed in cells treated with HG30/H2O2/Empa500 than in cells treated with HG30, HG30/Empa100, and HG30/Empa500, demonstrating that the interplay of oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia enhances lower insulin pathway activity and alters glycogen synthase kinase activity in tubule cells [54].