TGFB1 and diabetic kidney disease: This study aimed to investigate the effects of empagliflozin (SGLT2i) on cell viability, oxidative stress and TGF-β1 levels, collagen synthesis, as well as pSTAT3, pGSK3β, GSK3β, SMAD7, and pAKT expression in an LLC-PK1 model of diabetic nephropathy.