CXCR3 and neoplasm: In tumors of individual CRC patients, a strong degree of co-expression has been described for all three of these CXCR3 ligands, whose gene transcription in tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal cells (e.g., endothelial cells and fibroblasts) can obviously be triggered by the presence of interferons and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα [31].