Regarding CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1, recent data interestingly indicated that antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells expressing high levels of CX3CR1 show a lower proliferative capacity upon antigenic rechallenge than their CX3CR1-negative counterparts and might be less relevant for the efficient immunological control of tumor growth [43]. Here, CX3CR1 is linked to neoplasm.