When there is an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling, as reported in AD, chronic neuroinflammation occurs [62,63], leading to the release of pro-inflammatory and toxic products, including reactive oxidative species (ROS), nitric oxide and cytokines, e.g., interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.