SPORADIC: Less consistent than type 1. Heterogeneous, losses or gains of chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 18, and 22.NRF-ARE2 pathway amplification. 8q gains and allelic imbalance of 9q13 (prognostic significance). In advanced stages, CDKN2A/B (18%), TERT (18%), NF2 (13%) and FH (13%) are commonly altered.FAMILIAL: FH gene (1q42–43) mutation in HLRCC. Here, NF2 is linked to hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer.