TGFB1 and chronic kidney disease: 2000). Therefore, the kidneys are exquisitely dependent on mitochondria and are susceptible to mitochondrial damage (Che et al. 2014). Evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is not only an early event in kidney injury but also contributes to the development and progression of CKD (Sivitz and Yorek 2010; Sharma et al. 2013). Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to proteinuria increase (Su et al. 2013), NLRP3 inflammasome activation (Gong et al. 2016), uraemic toxin stagnation (Gewin et al. 2017), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression (Casalena et al. 2012).