MKI67 and neoplasm: To assess CRA and CRC PDE viability and immune cell composition, mIF staining was performed on FFPE sections for protein markers of proliferation (Ki67+ve), apoptosis (cPARP+ve), T cells (CD3+ve), and B cells (CD20+ve) with cytokeratin as a tumour marker and DAPI+ve to identify cell nuclei.