TNF and Parkinson disease: Recently, in α-synuclein overexpression and MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the oral supplementation with SCFAs (mixture of acetate, propionate and butyrate or butyrate alone) worsened the disease progression, increasing microglia activation and TNF-α release (102, 103).