In conclusion, we found the following changes in hepatic immune cell proportions and their functions resulting from ApoA4 deficiency in diet-induced mouse NAFL (Figure 8D): 1) Extraordinarily, ApoA4 mediates liver-specific subsets, namely, Cxcl9+ macrophage, Cxcl2+ macrophage, and Wfdc17+ granulocyte to inhibit NAFL. Here, CXCL9 is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver.