ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Additional retrospective studies that included other actionable mutations such as ALK and ROS1 also failed to reveal a clinical benefit with ICI.8, 9, 10, 11 The largest retrospective study known as IMMUNOTARGET, which evaluated 551 patients from 24 centers across 10 countries with KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, MET, HER2, ALK, RET, and ROS1 molecular alterations, found limited efficacy with monotherapy ICI in patients with oncogenic-driven NSCLC.12