Three phase 3 clinical trials (KEYNOTE-010, OAK trial, and CheckMate 057) evaluating ICI monotherapy versus chemotherapy as a second-line treatment for lung cancer revealed no overall survival (OS) benefit in subgroup analysis of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.4, 5, 6 A meta-analysis of five randomized clinical trials did not reveal improved survival with ICIs over chemotherapy in the subset of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.7 The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.