As insulin receptors, downregulation of IRS1 can lead to insulin resistance, which can accelerate the decomposition of adipose tissue and increase the flow of free fatty acids (FFAs) into the liver (46), leading to the accumulation of diacylglycerol (DAG), activating protein kinase C (PKC), inhibiting the expression of IRS-1, and aggravating IR in the liver (47, 48). Here, INSR is linked to Insulin resistance.