BCR and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Gene mutations leading to NF-kB activation are infrequent in CLL compared to other B-cell malignancies, while signals from the microenvironment and received through surface receptors, such as the B-cell receptor (BCR), appear to be involved in the activation of downstream cell survival pathways, including NF-kB (Chiorazzi et al., 2005; Mansouri et al., 2016).