ALB and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The first obvious structural change in the kidney in response to multiple factors is the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), even though diabetic patients have normal urinary albumin levels, as demonstrated in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D) (Tyagi et al., 2008; Najafian and Mauer, 2012).