RNF4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: 187 patients with NSCLC and 310 age- and gender-matched controls, and an independent set containing 29 patients for validation were included. Eight significant NSCLC-associated genes were identified, including dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), EIF2S3 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit gamma (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit gamma), growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (GRB2), MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2), neurofibromin 1 (NF1), POLDIP2, ring finger protein 4 (RNF4), and WEE1 (WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase).