Consistent with our findings, many studies reported that PUFAs could regulate the TNF-α signalling pathway and NF-κB pathway, which were found to be closely associated with liver injury in MAFLD in our study (Figure 3) and other studies (Zhao et al., 2004; Schmöcker et al., 2007; Tapia et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and injury.