As shown in Fig. 5A, DSS-stimulated colitis rats showed a clear trend of upregulation of p-NF-κB p65, p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 proteins, all of which were downregulated in rats treated with three treatments (P < 0.05,P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). Here, STAT3 is linked to colitis.