We found a strong increase in Itgb7 expression, as well as a moderate increase in Flt3 and CD48 for cells that had high DPP4 expression as compared with negative and intermediate DPP4 expression (Extended Data Fig. 8c,e), suggesting that this combination of cell surface markers can be used to identify cells belonging to AML-mono. Here, CD48 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.