These pathways include Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), Hedgehog (Hh), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the class O (FoxO), PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and Notch signaling pathways [3,4,5,6,7]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.