LDLR and Parkinson disease: Borzabadi et al. reported that probiotic supplementation (L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, L. reuteri, L. fermentum) enhanced the expression of IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α, TGF-β, and PPAR-γ, without significantly affecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in PD patients [54].