MTOR and glioma: Previously, Choi et al. found that increased radio-sensitizing effects in gliomas are associated with reversing EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), inducing apoptosis or autophagy, and impairing DNA damage repair, which could be achieved by using Hsp90-specific inhibitors via modulating PI3K and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway [72].