Hence, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) differentiates five types of diabetes based on the pathophysiology: type 1 (β-cell destruction leading to an absolute insulin deficit), type 2 (with insulin resistance and a relative insulin secretion deficit), type 3 (other specific types), type 4 (other genetic syndromes occasionally associated with diabetes), and type 5 (gestational DM). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.