The results, providing evidence for significant relationships across all three domains in the presence of cerebellar damage, support the hypothesis that the damage to the cortico–ponto–cerebello–thalamo–prefronto–cortical loops can be implicated in the complex clinical and behavioural changes seen in our sample of FMR1 premutation male carriers affected with FXTAS. This evidence concerns the gene FMR1 and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.