As many of the disease pathways and genetic mutations of HRC are seen in sporadic kidney tumors (especially with VHL), it is hoped that we can both translate findings from the hereditary RCC population to the general population and continue to develop clinical trials for targeted drugs for both localized and advanced hereditary and/or sporadic renal tumors in order to move towards fully realizing precision medicine for all stages of kidney cancer. The gene discussed is VHL; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.